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The Indian National Congress (INC), often simply referred to as the Congress, is one of the oldest and most prominent political parties in India. Founded in 1885, it played a pivotal role in the Indian independence movement against British rule, employing…   non-violent civil disobedience as a key strategy under the leadership of figures such as Mahatma Gandhi. Following India's independence in 1947, the Congress emerged as the dominant political force in the country, shaping its early years as a sovereign nation.<br /><br />The values and ideology of the Indian National Congress are rooted in a centrist approach to politics, with a strong emphasis on secularism, socialism, and a mixed economy that balances the private sector with state-owned enterprises. The party advocates for social justice, aiming to reduce disparities in income and wealth through progressive taxation, social welfare programs, and affirmative action for disadvantaged groups. It supports the idea of a pluralistic society, where diverse religions, languages, and cultures coexist harmoniously, and it has historically championed the rights of minorities, women, and marginalized communities.<br /><br />Economically, the Congress has traditionally favored a state-led development model, though it has also embraced economic liberalization and market reforms, particularly during the 1990s under the leadership of then Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Manmohan Singh. This shift marked a move towards a more open and market-driven economy, leading to significant economic growth and modernization.<br /><br />In the realm of foreign policy, the Congress has advocated for non-alignment, maintaining an independent stance in global affairs while seeking strategic partnerships based on mutual interests. It has also emphasized the importance of regional stability and cooperation, particularly in South Asia.<br /><br />Over the years, the Congress has faced criticism and challenges, including allegations of corruption, governance issues, and a perceived disconnect with contemporary voters, leading to fluctuating electoral fortunes. Despite these challenges, it remains a key player in India's political landscape, representing a vision of India that is inclusive, democratic, and progressive.อ่านเพิ่มเติม